Conocimiento asociado con la práctica preventiva del cáncer de mama en estudiantes de enfermería / Knowledge associated with the preventive practice of breast cancer in nursing students

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre el conocimiento con la práctica y sus dimensiones sobre la prevención de cáncer de mama, en estudiantes del programa de estudios de Enfermería de la Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae, 2022. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal y correlacional con un total de 224 estudiantes de Enfermería. Se utilizaron cuestionarios autodirigidos para medir las variables. La prueba estadística fue la regresión logística binaria en base de Odds ratio crudo con Intervalo de confianza del 95 % y su valor de ≤ 0,05. Resultados: El conocimiento sobre la prevención del cáncer de mama (OR = 1,77 IC = 1,03 - 3,03 p = 0,038) se asoció con la práctica sobre la prevención del cáncer de mama. Además, el 57,59 % de los estudiantes conoce sobre la prevención del cáncer de mama y el 54,02 % presentó una práctica inadecuada. Conclusión: Los estudiantes que conocen las medidas preventivas del cáncer de mama lo practican. Además, un poco más de la mitad de los estudiantes conoce sobre el cáncer de mama, pero no lo practica adecuadamente. Se recomienda que en los programas de Enfermería se incorporen más cursos sobre salud pública o desalud comunitaria y que tanto mujeres como hombres practiquen medidas de detección temprana.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between knowledge with practice and its dimensions on the prevention of breast cancer in students of the Nursing study program of the Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae, 2022. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional and correlationalstudy with a total of 224 Nursing students. Self-administered questionnaires were used to measure the variables. The statistical test was binary logistic regression based on crude odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and its value of ≤ 0.05. Results: Knowledge about breast cancer prevention (OR = 1.77 CI = 1.03 - 3.03 p = 0.038) was associated with practice about breast cancer prevention. In addition, 57.59% of the students know about the prevention of breast cancer and 54.02% presented an inadequate practice. Conclusion: students who know the preventive measures of breast cancer practice it. In addition, a little more than half of the students know about breast cancer, but do not practice it properly. It is recommended that Nursing programs incorporate more courses on public or community health and that both women and men practice early detection measures.

A Brief Discussion on the in Vitro Diagnostic Reagent Inspection Practice of Self-examination Management Regulations for Medical Device Registration / 中国医疗器械杂志

On October 21, 2021, the National Medical Products Administration issued and implemented the Self-examination Management Regulations for Medical Device Registration. The regulations clarify the specific requirements of the registration applicants in the process of self-examination, and put forward detailed requirements from the aspects of self-examination ability, self-examination report, declaration materials and responsibility requirements, so as to ensure the orderly development of the self-examination of medical device registration. Based on the actual verification work of in vitro diagnostic reagent, this study briefly discussed the understanding of the relevant contents of the regulations, aiming to provide some reference for enterprises and related supervision departments that have the requirement of registered self-examination.

Pesquisa activa de cáncer de mama en mujeres de un Consultorio Médico de la Familia

Introducción: El cáncer de mama constituye en la actualidad un problema de salud pública, tanto en América Latina como a nivel mundial, por su frecuencia y aumento progresivo en el número de mujeres que lo padecen. Objetivo: Identificar la morbilidad oculta por cáncer de mama y sus factores de riesgo en la población femenina de 30 años y más en el Consultorio Médico de la Familia No. 6 del Policlínico Camilo Torres Restrepo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal para identificar algunos factores de riesgo del cáncer de mama en la población femenina perteneciente al Consultorio Médico de la Familia N° 6, del Policlínico Docente Camilo Torres Restrepo, de enero a diciembre del 2022. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por las 131 mujeres de 30 años y más, las cuales fueron pesquisadas a través de entrevista y examen físico de las mamas. Para el análisis de los datos se emplearon números absolutos y porcentajes como medidas de resumen. Resultados: El sedentarismo, la obesidad/sobrepeso y el tabaquismo, fueron los factores de riesgo de mayor prevalencia con el 41,2 % y 29,8 % respectivamente. El 53,4 % de las mujeres manifestaron no realizarse el autoexamen de mama. El 94,7 % de las mujeres presentaron examen físico negativo y un 5,3 % fue dudoso. Conclusiones: Factores de riesgos relacionados con los estilos de vida como el sedentarismo, la obesidad/sobrepeso y el tabaquismo, fueron los factores de riesgo más frecuentes. A pesar de la mayoría de las mujeres presentar examen físico negativo, la no realización del autoexamen de mama, pudiera contribuir al aumento de la morbilidad por esta enfermedad en la población de estudio.

Introduction: Breast cancer is currently a public health problem both in Latin America and worldwide, due to its frequency and progressive increase in the number of women who suffer from it. Objective: To identify hidden morbidity due to breast cancer and its risk factors in the female population aged 30 years and over in medical office No. 6, of the Camilo Torres Restrepo Polyclinic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to identify some risk factors for breast cancer in the female population belonging to the Family Medical Office No. 6, of the Camilo Torres Restrepo Teaching Polyclinic, from January to December 2022. The population of the study was comprised of 131 women aged 30 and over, who were screened through an interview and physical examination of the breasts. For data analysis, absolutes numbers and percentages were used as summary measures. Results: Sedentary lifestyle, obesity/overweight and smoking, were the most frequent risk factors with 41.2% and 29.8% respectively. 53.4% of women stated that they did not perform breast self-examination. 94.7% of the women had a negative physical examination and 5.3% were doubtful. Conclusions: Risk factors related to lifestyles such as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity/overweight and smoking were the most representative risk factors. Despite the fact that most women present a negative physical examination, not performing a breast self-examination could contribute to an increase in morbidity from this disease in the study population.

Study on the construction of self-examination index system for hospital legal practice / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To construct a self-examination index system for hospital legal practice, and provide effective reference for the self-examination work of hospital practice in accordance with the law.Methods:From May 2021 to September 2022, a multi-dimensional and multi-level indicator system was initially constructed through literature review and expert interviews; Delphi expert consultation method was used to carry out a three-round questionnaire survey, experts were invited to assess the importance of indicators, and the weight values of indicators were processed by using analytic hierarchy process-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.Results:The Cs value of consulting experts′ familiarity with the survey content was 0.84, Ca value of judgment basis was 0.78, Cr value of authoritative evaluation was 0.81, and Kendall W value was 0.630. The index system of hospital self-examination included 5 first-level indexes, 19 second-level indexes, and 30 third-level indicators. The 5 first-level indicators included institutional practice, personnel practice, disinfection and prevention of infectious disease, online diagnosis and treatment, and anti-fraud insurance, with weights of 0.235, 0.186, 0.188, 0.185, and 0.206 respectively. Among the second-level indicators, the weights of rational use of medical insurance fund, internet hospital and internet diagnosis and treatment, organization qualification and practice behavior were the highest, with values of 0.206, 0.185, 0.122 and 0.113 respectively. Among the third-level indicators, the internet hospital physician qualification, whether the hospital had obtained the license to practice, cracking down on fraudulent insurance practices, real-name medical treatment, and reasonable and standardized use of health insurance costs had the highest weight, which were 0.185, 0.122, 0.076, 0.065, and 0.065, respectively. Conclusions:The self-examination index system of medical institutions is scientific, which could help the medical institutions to practice self-examination and ensure medical quality and safety.

Predictors of Practice of breast self-examination among women in District Ambala (Haryana)

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and its early detection is critical to improve survival. Breast self-examination is a cheap, basic and non-intellectual method to detect breast cancer. Aims and objectives: 1To determine the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding breast self-examination2. To explain the various factors which affect the practice of BSE Material and Methods: The present study was carried out among 300 women residing in rural and urban areas of district Ambala using a self-designed pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Results: In this study 127 (42.3%) of the participants had heard of BSE and 107 (35.7%) of the participants knew how to perform BSE. Overall, 47.7%, 30.3%, and 22% of the study participants had poor (<50%), medium (50–75%), and good knowledge (>75) on BSE, respectively. Educational qualification, knowing the three positions to perform BSE, knowing how often should BSE be done, taught how to do BSE, BSE is a useful tool to detect breast cancer were seen to be significantly associated with practice of BSE. Conclusion: This study elucidates that the knowledge as well as practice of BSE was significantly low in the population. This study provides insights into the various factors which affect the practice of BSE

STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE OF BREAST CANCER AND ITS EARLY DIAGNOSTICS IN FEMALE TERTIARY HEALTH WORKERS

OBJECTIVE- To study the knowledge of breast cancer, early detection methods and whomto consult after detecting abnormality among female tertiary health workers.METHOD- This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 70 female health workers age groupmore than 20 years carried out at various hospitals after taking consent.RESULT- Being majority of young married doctor respondents, below the age of 40 years(81.4%) study was conducted, almost all the respondents are aware of breast cancer, 69(98.5%). Majority of them got information from media (77.1%), followed by seminars(64.2%) and books (62.8%). Only 15.7% of respondents had a positive family history ofbreast cancer. Most participants were aware of BSE and thinks its useful tool (74.3%) butdoesn’t know about proper timing and method for BSE. They have been taught BSE (58.5%)out of which majority were taught by teachers (51.5%). 41.4% and 60% of respondents knewthat BSE should be done monthly and should start after age of 20 respectively. Onerespondent has discovered an abnormality. Respondents are relatively less aware about BSE28 (40%). 45 (64.3%) and 16 (22.9%) think that BSE should be done by a doctor and trainednurse respectively. The level of awareness of sonomammography was high amongrespondents- 43 (57.1%), but only 8 (11.43%) had undergone sonomammography, because of‘not of proper age’ 27 (38.57%).CONCLUSION- Practice and attitude of breast cancer screening should be promoted amonghealth workers and the general population

Knowledge and practice towards breast self-examination among accredited social health activists (ASHA) in the rural field practice area of a government medical college in north coastal Andhra Pradesh.

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in the world, and it is the main cause of death and morbidity in Indian women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a routine exam that can detect 40% of breast abnormalities and involves two key components that is looking and feeling. Women should learn what is normal for them, so that they can recognize any changes immediately. Aim & objectives: 1) To assess Knowledge and Practice about Breast Self-Examination. 2) To assess awareness about warning signs of Breast cancer. Methodology: A Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 55 Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) in the month of January 2021 in the Rural field practice area of Rural Health Centre (RHC) attached to the Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Visakhapatnam. A predesigned, semi structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and practice of BSE. Data was entered in MS Excel and analysed using SPSS Version 17. Chi square test was applied to find out the statistical associations if any between categorical variables. Results: In the present study only 1.8% of the ASHA workers were found to have good knowledge. 41.8% and 56.3% had average and poor knowledge respectively about BSE. Out of 55 ASHA workers, 39 (71%) have heard of BSE, 25.4% were practicing regularly and 14.5% of them were practicing correct method. Conclusion: The Knowledge and Practice of BSE among ASHA workers was observed to be inadequate which points out the need for training programs to educate them.

Are rural women aware of breast cancer and do they practice breast self?examination? A cross?sectional study in a rural hospital in South India

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Indian women. Breast self-examination (BSE) remains a feasible screening method in resource-poor settings, yet diagnosis in advanced stages remains common. We aimed to assess the awareness of breast cancer and the practice of BSE among women in a rural area of south India. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study in rural Ramanagara district, Karnataka, with 416 adult women who were interviewed using the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure. Results: Less than one in ten women knew that lump in the breast is a symptom of breast cancer. Majority 338 (81.2%) were not able to state even a single symptom of breast cancer and 365 (87.7%) not able to state even one risk factor of breast cancer. Majority 354 (85.1%) of the women in the study had never heard of BSE. None of the women in the study performed monthly BSE. Only 40 (9.6%) of the women actually performed BSE within the last 6 months. Women with higher education and those who reported a history of a lump in the breast in self or family were significantly more likely to state at least one symptom of breast cancer and were more likely to practice BSE. Conclusion: The rural women in this study had poor awareness regarding breast cancer and poor practice of BSE. Awareness of at least one symptom of breast cancer was associated with an 18 fold increase in the practice of BSE. This study has revealed an urgent need to focus on health awareness regarding breast cancer and BSE among rural women

Knowledge regarding breast self examination among adolescent girls

Introduction: A breast exam is a self-inspection of the breasts. During a breast exam, eyes used to see and hands to observe the appearance and feel the breast. Breast exams allow becoming more familiar with girls breasts. Materials and Methods: This study made use of an evaluative approach with one group pretest and post test design. The sample for the study sample comprised of 60 adolescent girls. A disproportionate purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 adolescent girls. The tool and STP were validated by 7 experts. Pre testing and reliability of the tool was established prior to pilot study. Pilot study was conducted among ten adolescent girls. this gave basis for the invigilator to conduct the actual study .the actual study was conducted among 60 adolescent girls .following the pretest, STP Was administered and post test was conducted seven days after the administration of STP. The obtained data was analyzed in terms of the objectives and hypothesis using descriptive and inferential statistics. Interpretation: The finding of the study showed that STP is an effective teaching strategy to increase knowledge of adolescent girls. Results: The finding of the study proved that adolescent girls lacked knowledge about breast self examination. The STP given by the investigator helped the adolescent girls to improve their knowledge and the finding showed that it is statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance.

Awareness and practice of breast self-examination (BSE) with its socio-demographic associates: a cross-sectional survey in the capital of Rajasthan, India

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer of women worldwide. Early diagnosis of it has a very important role in its management. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a key to the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 females of Jaipur city. This study was conducted by a house-to-house survey through a systematic random sampling technique in the field practice area of the Urban Health Training Centre (UHTC) of SMS medical college, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India. A predesigned semi-structured questionnaire containing predesigned questions regarding knowledge and practice of BSE was used to collect data. A Chi-square test was used to find out associations. Results: Only 18% of females were aware of BSE and 5.7% of the females were practicing BSE. Health professionals (31.03%) were the main source of knowledge. Only 50% of females who have heard the name of BSE, knew that it is performed by self. Awareness and practice of BSE both were found to be associated with religion, education, socioeconomic status, and occupation and there was no association with age and marital status. Females with higher education and socioeconomic status were more aware of BSE. The most common (94.69%) reason for not practicing BSE was the lack of awareness of steps followed by ‘find it unnecessary’. Conclusion: As knowledge and practice of BSE were observed very poor and considering the important role that can be played by BSE in the early diagnosis and management of breast cancer, there is an urgent need to implement and reinforce BSE in the existing cancer awareness and screening programs. IEC activities regarding BSE also motivated proper knowledge of BSE.

Programa sobre conocimiento de autoexamen de mama en madres de estudiantes educadores de una institución educativa pública, 2018

Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de un programa sobre conocimiento de autoexamen de mama en madres de estudiantes educadores de una institución educativa pública, 2018. Materiales y métodos: Enfoque cuantitativo y de tipo preexperimental en el que participaron 124 madres de alumnos educadores del 4.° año de secundaria de una institución educativa pública en 2018. Resultados: El 54,84 % de alumnos educadores eran del sexo femenino y el 45,16 %, del sexo masculino. El 98,40 % de las madres de estudiantes educadores tenía entre 35 y 59 años, el 66,10 % era conviviente, el 47,60 % tenía estudios secundarios y el 47,60 % era de religión evangélica. En el pretest, los conocimientos sobre autoexamen de mama alcanzaron un puntaje promedio de 8,94 puntos, donde el 83,10 % obtuvo un nivel bajo y el 16,90 %, un nivel medio. En el postest el puntaje promedio fue 13,48 puntos, donde el 14,52 % alcanzó un nivel alto; el 71,77 %, un nivel medio, y el 13,71 %, un nivel bajo. Hubo una diferencia significativa (p = 0,000) entre el puntaje del pretest y el postest de conocimientos sobre autoexamen de mama, lo cual demuestra la eficacia del programa educativo. Asimismo, se evidenció una diferencia significativa entre el puntaje del pretest y el postest en las dimensiones pertenecientes a los conocimientos de cáncer de mama, factores de riesgo, métodos de diagnóstico y autoexamen de mama (p = 0,000) en las madres de los estudiantes educadores. Conclusiones: Según los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que existe una eficacia del programa sobre conocimiento de autoexamen de mama en las madres de estudiantes educadores de una institución educativa pública, 2018; los resultados de la prueba estadística de Wilcoxon demostraron una diferencia significativa (p = 0,000).

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a program on breast self-exam knowledge among peer teachers' mothers of a public educational institution, 2018. Materials and methods: A quantitative and pre-experimental research conducted with 124 mothers of peer teachers attending the 4th year of secondary school at a public educational institution in 2018. Results: Fifty-four point eight four percent (54.84 %) of the peer teachers were females and 45.16 % were males. Ninety-eight point four zero percent (98.40 %) of peer teachers' mothers aged between 35 and 59 years, 66.10 % were cohabiting, 47.60 % had secondary education and 47.60 % practiced evangelism. In the pretest, breast self-exam knowledge reached an average score of 8.94 points, out of which 83.10 % showed a low level and 16.90 % a medium level. In the posttest, the average score was 13.48 points, out of which 14.52 % showed a high level, 71.77 % a medium level and 13.71 % a low one. There was a significant difference (p = 0.000) between the pretest and posttest scores of breast self-exam knowledge, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the educational program. Likewise, a significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest scores in dimensions such as knowledge of breast cancer, risk factors, diagnostic methods and breast self-exam (p = 0.000) among peer teachers' mothers. Conclusions: Based on the results, it is concluded that the program on breast self-exam knowledge among peer teachers' mothers of a public educational institution was effective, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a significant difference (p = 0.000).

Knowledge of, and Attitude towards Breast Cancer aetiology and Breast Self-examination among female students in a Tertiary Institution in South Western Nigeria

@#Breast cancer (CA) is the commonest malignancy occurring in women, and constitutes a major disease burden in low income countries of the world, including Nigeria, where the mortality rates are high. A good knowledge of the etiological risk factors, coupled with the uptake of screening tests, are important in attaining prevention of breast CA and also reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. This study therefore set out to assess the knowledge and attitude of the female students of a tertiary institution in South-western Nigeria towards breast cancer etiology and breast-self-examination (BSE). This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that recruited 350 respondents using multi-stage sampling technique. The study instrument was a pre-tested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 20 and results were presented using frequency tables and charts. Chi square tests and logistic regression analyses were also done as appropriate. Majority (80.6%) of the study respondents had heard of breast cancer, 78.4% of which had poor knowledge about breast cancer etiology and about two-thirds of these had a good attitude towards BSE. Only 18 (6.4%) of the 282 respondents who had ever heard of breast CA knew how to perform BSE correctly, while only 159 (56.4%) of them had ever carried out BSE. Age, knowing anyone with breast CA, previous exposure to information on BSE, and previous clinical breast examination were found to have statistically significant association with respondents’ knowledge of, and attitude towards BSE. The study respondents generally had a poor level of knowledge of breast CA etiology, older respondents showed better attitude towards BSE, and only a few knew how to perform BSE correctly. We recommend the early introduction of breast CA prevention education to female students in high school.

Perceived self-efficacy and breast self-examination in women from Monteria (Colombia) / Autoeficacia percibida y autoexamen de mamas en mujeres de Montería (Colombia) / Auto-eficácia percebida e auto-exame da mama nas mulheres em Montería (Colômbia)

Introduction: The breast self-examination practice can be influenced by perceived self-efficacy. This individual characteristic, defined as confidence in one's abilities to achieve a goal, can positively help women develop health-promoting behaviors that lead them to carry out routine and regular practices for the early detection of breast cancer. Objective: To determine the level of perceived self-efficacy and its relationship to the adequate practice of BSE in women over 20 years of age in Montería, Colombia. Materials and methods: Analytical study, with 867 women aged 20 years or older, selected by multi-stage random sampling. A sociodemographic survey was used for data collection, the overall self-efficacy scale and a questionnaire to measure the BSE practice. The data was stored in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and processed in SPSSS version 24. Results: 867 women participated, with a mean age 36.2 years (SD = 13.0). 72.6% (629) did a BSE. Only 2% (20) of the participants practice it adequately. The BSE practice was greater in women with a higher level of self-efficacy (86.2%). Conclusions: In Montería, women over 20 years of age practice BSE inappropriately, which contrasts with a high level of self-efficacy. This factor is essential to improve health care practices and conduct them on a regular basis.

Introducción: La práctica del autoexamen de mamas puede estar influida por la autoeficacia percibida. Esta característica individual, definida como la confianza en las propias capacidades para alcanzar una meta, puede ayudar de forma positiva a que las mujeres desarrollen conductas promotoras de salud y realicen prácticas de cuidado rutinarias y regulares para la detección temprana del cáncer de mama. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de autoeficacia percibida y su relación con la práctica adecuada del AEM en mujeres mayores de 20 años de Montería (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico, con 867 mujeres mayores de 20 años, seleccionadas por muestreo aleatorio multietápico. Se utilizó una encuesta sociodemográfica para la recolección de información, la Escala de Autoeficacia General Percibida y un cuestionario para medir la práctica del AEM. Los datos se almacenaron en una hoja de cálculo de Microsoft Excel y fueron procesados en el programa SPSSS, versión 24. Resultados: Participaron 867 mujeres, con una edad promedio 36,2 años (DE = 13,0). El 72,6% (629) se practica el AEM. Solo el 2% (20) de las participantes lo hacen de forma adecuada. La práctica del AEM fue mayor en mujeres con un mayor nivel de autoeficacia (86,2%). Conclusiones: En Montería, las mujeres de más de 20 años de edad practican de forma inadecuada el AEM, lo que contrasta con un alto nivel de autoeficacia. La autoeficacia es fundamental para mejorar la prácticas de cuidado de la salud y desarrollarlas de forma regular.

Introdução: A prática do auto-exame da mama pode ser influenciada pela percepção de auto-eficácia. Esta característica individual, definida como confiança nas próprias capacidades para atingir um ob- jetivo, pode ajudar positivamente as mulheres a desenvolver comportamentos de promoção da saúde e a envolver-se em práticas de cuidados de rotina e regulares para a detecção precoce do câncer de mama. Objetivo: Determinar o nível de auto-eficácia percebido e a sua relação com a prática adequada da AEM em mulheres com mais de 20 anos de idade em Montería (Colômbia). Materiais e métodos: Estudo analítico, com 867 mulheres com mais de 20 anos de idade, selecionadas por amostragem aleatória em várias fases. Foi utilizado um inquérito sociodemográfico para recolher informação, a Escala Geral de Auto-Eficácia Percebida e um questionário para medir a prática da AEM. Os dados foram armazenados numa folha de cálculo Microsoft Excel e processados em SPSSS, versão 24. Resultados: 867 mulheres participaram, com uma idade média de 36,2 anos (SD = 13,0). 72,6 % (629) dos participantes praticaram AEM. Apenas 2 % (20) dos participantes o fazem de forma adequa- da. A prática da AEM foi mais elevada nas mulheres com um nível superior de auto-eficácia (86,2%). Conclusões: Em Monteria, as mulheres com mais de 20 anos de idade praticam inadequadamente a AEM, o que contrasta com um elevado nível de auto-eficácia. A auto-eficácia é fundamental para melhorar as práticas de cuidados de saúde e desenvolvê-las numa base regular.

Comparison between Periodontal Self examination and Self-reported Periodontal Disease among Selected Adults in Kuala Lumpur

ABSTRACT @#Periodontal disease, generally known as a silent disease, is one of the major global oral health burdens that contributes to tooth loss in adults. This study was to compare findings and agreement between periodontal self-examination (SE) and self-reported (SR) assessments in detection of periodontal disease among selected adult patients in Kuala Lumpur. The subjects were patients who attended the periodontic clinics in Faculty of Dentistry, UKM. Periodontal patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned into two groups, SE and SR groups. Patients in the SE group performed a periodontal SE using illustrated written manual with questionnaire, while those in the SR group answered questionnaire. Both groups were given similar content of questionnaire. Clinical oral examinations were carried out on all patients by a single trained calibrated examiner. A total of 172 patients (86 in each group) participated in the study with the mean age of 48 years (SD 12.6). Majority of them had severe periodontal disease. Only item “total number of teeth” had showed good agreement (p < 0.01) between groups. SR group showed higher sensitivity for all items (mobility, colour, recession and bleeding). Meanwhile, the SE group demonstrated higher specificity for items on mobility, recession and bleeding. Both SR and SE assessment areas were reliable in measuring total number of teeth in periodontal patients. SR assessment is more sensitive in detecting periodontal disease in terms of items for mobility, colour, recession and bleeding.

Predictores de las prácticas sobre el autoexamen de mamas en estudiantes de Enfermería de una universidad privada, Lima, Perú / Predictors of breast self-examination practices in nursing students from a private university, Lima, Peru

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los predictores de las prácticas sobre el autoexamen de mamas en estudiantes de Enfermería de la universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae, Lima, Perú, 2019. Metodología: Es un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 92 personas universitarias de ambos sexos. Se ejecutó una guía de evaluación para medir la técnica del autoexamen de mamas, un cuestionario autodirigido para evaluar el conocimiento de esta técnica y por último una ficha de datos para la variable realización de autoexamen de mamas, entre otras variables sociodemográficas y de formación académica. Resultados: Entre los resultados principales, se muestra que el 65.22 % de las personas estudiantes no realizó el autoexamen de mamas y el promedio de la técnica fue bajo (M=4.41) de un rango de 0 a 12 puntos. Asimismo, se evidenció que los predictores de la realización del autoexamen de mamas fueron el nivel alto de conocimiento de esta técnica (PR: 8.73; p = 0.022), la edad (PR: 1.04; p = 0.021) y capacitación (PR: 2.42; p = 0.005). Además, los predictores de la técnica fueron el conocimiento de esta (coeficiente: 1.70; p = 0.023) y la edad (coeficiente: 1.70; p = 0.023). Conclusión: En conclusión, la mayoría de estudiantes no realiza las prácticas sobre el autoexamen de mamas, además, los predictores de estas prácticas son el conocimiento sobre la técnica la edad y la capacitación. Ante estos hallazgos se deberían brindar intervenciones educativas promocionales y preventivas al estudiantado.

Abstract Aim: The objective of this study was to analyze the predictors of breast self-examination practices of nursing students at the Catholic SedesSapientiae University, Lima, Peru, 2019. Methods: It was an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study. The target population were 92 university students of both sexes. In order to analyze this, the researchers passed an evaluation guide to measure the breast self-examination technique, a self-directed questionnaire to assess this technique's knowledge, and a data sheet for the variable performance of breast self-examination, among other sociodemographic and academic training variables. Results: Part of the main results show that 65.22% of the students did not perform breast self-examinations, and the average of the technique was low with a range of 0 to 12 points (M=4.41). The results also evidenced that the predictors of the performance of the breast self-examination were the high level of knowledge of this technique (PR: 8.73; p=0.022), the age (PR: 1.04; p=0.021), and the training (PR: 2.42; p=0.005). The predictors of the technique were the knowledge about it (coefficient: 1.70; p=0.023) and the age (coefficient: 1.70; p=0.023). Conclusion: In conclusion, the majority of students did not carry out the practices on breast self-examination; likewise, the predictors of these practices are the knowledge about this technique, the age, and the training. Given these findings, educational, promotional, and preventive interventions should be provided to the students.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os preditores das práticas de autoexame das mamas em estudantes de enfermagem da Universidade Católica Sedes Sapientiae, Lima, Peru, 2019. Metodologia: É um estudo observacional, analítico e transversal; a população era composta por 92 universitários de ambos os sexos. Foi executado um roteiro de avaliação para mensurar a técnica do autoexame das mamas, um questionário autodirigido para avaliar o conhecimento dessa técnica e, por fim, uma planilha de dados da variável realização do autoexame das mamas entre outras variáveis sociodemográficas e de treinamento acadêmico. Resultados: Dentre os principais resultados, evidencia-se que 65.22% das alunas não realizaram o autoexame das mamas e a média da técnica foi baixa (M=4.41) com variação de 0 a 12 pontos, além disso, constatou-se que os preditores da realização do autoexame das mamas foram o alto nível de conhecimento desta técnica (RP: 8.73; p= 0.022), idade (RP: 1.04; p= 0,021) e treinamento (RP: 2.42; p= 0.005); e os preditores da técnica foram o conhecimento (coeficiente: 1.70; p= 0.023) e idade (coeficiente: 1.70; p= 0.023). Conclusão: Em conclusão, a maioria das alunas não realiza as práticas sobre o autoexame das mamas, da mesma forma, os preditores dessas práticas são o conhecimento dessa técnica; idade e treinamento. Diante desses achados, intervenções educacionais, promocionais e preventivas devem ser fornecidas aos alunos.

Importancia del autoexamen de mamas en la detección oportuna del cáncer

RESUMEN El cáncer de mama continúa siendo un flagelo para la salud de la mujer. Su detección temprana es una garantía para lograr su erradicación y garantizar mejor calidad de vida a quien lo padezca. La realización del autoexamen de mamas juega un importante papel en este sentido, sin embargo no es una práctica común entre las mujeres. Reflexionar al respecto es el objetivo de este trabajo.

ABSTRACT Breast cancer continues to be a scourge for women's health. Its early detection is a guarantee to achieve its eradication and guarantee a better quality of life to those who suffer from it. Performing a breast self-exam plays an important role in this regard, however it is not a common practice among women. Reflecting on this is the aim of this work.

Conocimiento para predecir la práctica y la actitud del autoexamen mamario / Knowledge to predict the practice and attitude of breast self-examination

Introducción: el cáncer de mama es la primera causa de muerte en mujeres. Se espera que al incrementar el conocimiento sobre el autoexamen mamario se incremente su práctica. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimiento, actitudes y prácticas y su relación con respecto a la autoexploración de cáncer de mama en mujeres de más de 20 años. Material y métodos: estudio transversal mediante encuesta a una muestra de 503 mujeres mayores de 20 años. Se recabó información sociodemográfica y datos requeridos para evaluar conocimiento, prácticas y actitudes sobre el autoexamen. Para identificar las relaciones se probó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: la capacidad predictiva del modelo para variables endógenas fue baja. El nivel de conocimiento del autoexamen es básico en 81.9%, el 74% refirieron actitudes desfavorables y solo el 39.8% practican el autoexamen. Conclusiones: el estudio muestra una persistencia de bajos niveles de conocimiento sobre la finalidad de la autoexploración, una actitud desfavorable para realizarla y una práctica incorrecta de la técnica.

Background: Breast cancer is the first cause of death in women. Increasing knowledge about breast self-examination is expected to increase its practice. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding breast self-examination in women over 20 years of age. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study through a sample survey of 503 women over 20 years of age. Sociodemographic information and data required to evaluate knowledge, practices and attitudes about self-examination were collected. To identify the relationships, a structured equation model was tested. Results: The predictive capacity of the model for endogenous variables was low. The level of knowledge of the self-examination is basic in 81.9%, 74% reported unfavorable attitudes and only 39.8% practice the self-examination. Conclusions: The study shows persistence of low levels of knowledge about the purpose of self-examination, an unfavorable attitude to carry it out and an incorrect practice of the technique.

Intervención educativa sobre cáncer de mama / Educative Intervention about Breast Cancer

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es una proliferación maligna de las células epiteliales que revisten los conductos o lobulillos mamarios. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa sobre cáncer de mama. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental de intervención educativa sobre cáncer de mama en mujeres mayores de 30 años pertenecientes al consultorio 13 del Policlínico Pedro del Toro; de Holguín durante el 2018. La población de estudio la constituyó el total de mujeres adultas mayores de 30 años de edad, 124 pertenecientes al consultorio en estudio. La muestra quedó conformada por 80 pacientes, seleccionadas mediante el muestreo aleatorio simple. Resultados: En cuanto a las necesidades identificadas, las 80 pacientes (100 por ciento) expresaron la necesidad de conocer acerca de los factores de riesgo del cáncer de mama. Antes del programa educativo predominaron las mujeres con conocimientos inadecuados sobre prevención del cáncer de mama, autoexamen de mama y factores de riesgo (80 por ciento, 65 por ciento y 80 por ciento, respectivamente). Luego de la intervención aumentaron a suficientes: en el primer caso al 85 por ciento, en el segundo y tercero a 100 por ciento. La aplicación de dicho programa resultó efectiva en 68 féminas, para un 85 por ciento. Conclusiones: La intervención educativa fue efectiva, porque demostró un incremento en el nivel de conocimiento sobre la prevención, los factores de riesgo y el autoexamen de mama(AU)

Introduction: Breast cancer is a malignant growth of epithelial cells that line the ducts or breast lobules. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an educative intervention about breast cancer. Methods: A quasiexperimental study of an educative intervention about breast cancer was carried out, during 2018, with women over 30 years belonging to the family medical office 13 of Pedro del Toro Polyclinic of Holguín. The study population was made up of all women aged over 30 years: 124 women, who belonged to the medical office under study. The sample was made up of 80 patients, selected by simple random sampling. Results: Regarding the identified needs, all the patients expressed the need to know about the risk factors for breast cancer. Before the educative program, women with inadequate knowledge of breast cancer prevention, breast self-examination, and risk factors predominated (80 percent, 65 percent, and 80 percent, respectively). After the intervention, this amount increased to enough: in the first case, it increased to 85 percent; in the second and third cases, it increased to 100 percent. The application of this program was effective in 68 women, accounting for 85 percent. Conclusions: The educative intervention was effective because it showed an increase in the level of knowledge about prevention, risk factors and breast self-examination(AU)

Analysis on conformance with the standardized construction requirements in vaccination outpatient services in Huangpu District of Shanghai in 2019 / 上海预防医学

Objective To fully understand the actual situation and existing problems in vaccination outpatient services, which will provide information to support and improve the standardized construction of vaccination outpatient service and the whole-process vaccination management. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted among all the vaccination outpatient services in Huangpu District of Shanghai.Data were collected by self-examination and health supervision.Analysis was focused on the conformance with the six aspects of management requirements, which included institution and personnel management, layout of facilities, vaccine and cold-chain management, vaccination management, disinfection and isolation management and medical waste management. Results Twenty-one vaccination clinics were included in the study.There were significant differences for conformance between self-examination and health supervision, public and private medical institutions (P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in the overall compliance rate among six aspects of management requirement (P > 0.05), indicating that they were relatively balanced.On analysis within the 6 aspects, there were significant differences in the indicator compliance rate for 4 aspects of management requirement, including institution and personnel management, layout of facilities, vaccine and cold-chain management, disinfection and isolation management (P < 0.05). Conclusion The standardized construction of vaccination outpatient service should be strengthened with the emphasis on the following: implementation and consolidation of management requirements, enhancement of responsibility consciousness in vaccination outpatient service, construction of special-need vaccination outpatient service in private medical institutions, and improvement of publicity and guidance education.

Conocimiento del autoexamen de mama y testículo en estudiantes universitarios / Knowledge of university students on breasts and testicles self-examination

Introducción: El autoexamen de mama y el autoexamen de testículos son métodos de detección temprana sencillos, económicos, seguros, no invasivos, que no requieren ningún instrumento especial para su ejecución y que permiten una mayor conciencia y conocimiento del propio cuerpo. Objetivo: Determinar el conocimiento de la práctica del autoexamen de mama o testículo en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario sobre conocimientos de autoexamen de mama o testículo, consumo de tabaco, alcohol y variables sociodemográficas. El análisis de datos incluyó distribución de frecuencias, porcentajes y razones de prevalencia. Resultados: Del total de la muestra, el 43,9 por ciento eran hombres, de ellos el 30,7 por ciento manifestó conocer cómo se debía realizar el autoexamen de testículo. Los masculinos pertenecientes a estratos altos, los que se encontraban cursando tercer año y quienes tenían estudios afines con la facultad de salud mostraron las mayores tasas de conocimiento. De las mujeres, el 73,7 por ciento conocía cómo realizar el autoexamen de mama, demostrando tasas mayores de conocimientos las que cursaban cuarto año, las que pertenecían a estratos altos y las que tenían estudios afines con la facultad de salud. No se encontró asociación estadística con el conocimiento del autoexamen de testículo; mientras que ser mayor de 22 años y pertenecer a estratos altos fueron factores predisponentes para el autoexamen de mama. Conclusiones: Las mujeres tienen mayor percepción de la importancia del autocuidado para su salud, a la vez que manifiestan mayor conocimiento de los procedimientos para realizar el autoexamen. No obstante, existen hombres y mujeres que no saben aún como realizarlo, de ahí la importancia de desarrollar e implementar programas de educación, prevención y promoción del autoexamen en los estudiantes universitarios(AU)

Introduction: Breasts self-examination and testicles self-examination are simple, economic, safe, non-invasive early detection's methods that do not require any special tool for their performance and that foster a higher awareness and knowledge on your own body. Objective: To determine the knowledge of the breast or testicles self-examination practice in a group of university students. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. It was performed a questionnaire on the knowledge of the breast or testicles self-examination, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and socio-demographic variables. Data analysis included frequencies and percentages distribution, and prevalence ratios. Results: From the total of the sample, 43,9 percent were men, and 30,7 percent of them expressed to have knowledge on how to perform the testicles self-examination. Males corresponding to high strata, the ones that were in third year of the major, and those who had studies related to the Health's Faculty showed higher rates of knowledge. From women, 73,7 percent knew how to perform the breasts self-examination showing higher rates of knowledge the ones that were in the fourth year of the major, the ones that belonged to higher strata and the ones that had studies related with the Health's Faculty. There was not found statistic association with the knowledge on testicles self-examination; while being older than 22 years old and belonging to high strata were predisposing factors for breasts self-examination. Conclusions: Women have higher perception of the importance for health of self-care, while they show more knowledge on the procedures to perform self-examination. Nevertheless, there are men and women that do not know yet how to perform it, that is why it is important to develop and implement programs of education, prevention and promotion of the self-examination in university students(AU)